The Importance of Water During Cold Weather, from the University of Minnesota

When horses consume winter feeds, water requirements may increase. Hay and grain typically contain less than 15% moisture, while in contrast; pastures possess 60 to 80% moisture. There are two common complications resulting from inadequate water consumption during cold weather: decreased feed intake and impaction colic. Even if quality feed is offered, horses will consume less if not drinking enough water. If less feed is consumed, horses might not have enough energy to tolerate the cold. Fecal contents must maintain adequate moisture levels. If fecal material becomes too dry, intestinal blockage or impaction may occur. This will not likely develop in one day, but can over time if inadequate water consumption occurs.
Most adult horses weighing 1,000 pounds require a minimum of 10 to 12 gallons of water each day for their basic physiological needs. During winter months, water should be kept between 45 to 65F to maximize consumption. Research found that ponies increased their water consumption by 40% each day when the water was warmed above freezing during cold weather. Increasing salt intake will also stimulate a horse to drink more; adult horses should consume one to two ounces of salt per day. Loose salt is preferred as many horses do not prefer to lick salt blocks during cold weather. However, under humid conditions, loose salt may crystallize and become rough.
Waterers should be cleaned regularly, and clean, fresh water should always be available, regardless of outside temperature. If using a tank heater to warm water, inspect it carefully for worn wires or other damage, and check the water for electrical sensations or shocks. Snow or ice is not an adequate water source for horses.
Authors: K. Martinson, PhD, and M. Hathaway, PhD, Univ. of Minnesota

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